Nauclea orientalis (L.) L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1 (1762)

Synonyms
Adina orientalis (L.) Lindeman ex Bakh.f.
Bancalus cordatus (Roxb.) Kuntze
Bancalus grandifolius (DC) O.K.
Bancalus macrophyllus Kuntze
Bancalus orientalis (L.) O.K.
Cadamba nocturna Ham. ex Hensch.
Cephalanthus foliis oppositis L.
Cephalanthus orientalis L.
Nauclea annamensis (Dub. & Eberh.) Merr.
Nauclea annamensis (Dubard & Eberh.) N.N. Tran
Nauclea coadunata Roxb. ex J.E.Smith
Nauclea cordata Roxb.
Nauclea elmeri Merr.
Nauclea glaberrima Bartl.
Nauclea grandifolia DC
Nauclea leichhardtii F.v.M.
Nauclea lutea Blanco
Nauclea macrophylla Blume
Nauclea minahassae Koord.-Schum.
Nauclea orientalis var. pubescens (Kurz) Craib
Nauclea ovoidea (Pierre ex Pit.) N.N.Tran
Nauclea roxburghii G.Don.
Nauclea stipulacea Wall.
Nauclea undulata Roxb.
Nauclea wallichiana R.Br.
Platanocarpum cordatum (Roxb.) Korth.
Sarcocephalus annamensis Dub. & Eberh.
Sarcocephalus bartlirgii Miq.
Sarcocephalus buruensis Miq.
Sarcocephalus coadunatus (Roxb. ex J.E.Smith) Druce
Sarcocephalus cordatus (Roxb.) Miq.
Sarcocephalus cordatus var. glabra Kurz
Sarcocephalus cordatus var. mollis Koord. & Valet.
Sarcocephalus cordatus var. pubescens Kurz
Sarcocephalus glaberrimus (Bartl.) Miq.
Sarcocephalus macrocephalus K.Schum.
Sarcocephalus orientalis (L.) Merr.
Sarcocephalus ovatus Elmer
Sarcocephalus ovatus var. mollis Koord. & Valeton
Sarcocephalus ovoideus Pierre ex Pit.
Sarcocephalus papagola Domin.
Sarcocephalus undulatus (Roxb.) Miq.
Sarcocephalus undulatus var. buruensis (Miq.) Havil.

Description
Sub-canopy tree up to 28 m tall and 50 cm dbh. Stipules ca. 25 mm long, tip rounded. Leaves opposite, simple, penni-veined, glabrous, sometimes leaf base cordate. Flowers ca. 8 mm diameter, yellowish, with corolla tube, flowers placed in globose flower heads. Fruits ca. 30 mm diameter, brownish, fruits fused into compact fruiting body.

Ecology
In undisturbed to disturbed open sites in mixed dipterocarp, swamp and coastal forests up to 100 m altitude. Found on alluvial sites, along rivers and streams and along beaches.

Distribution
From Sri Lanka and Indo-China to New Guinea and Australia. In Borneo collected in Sabah and East-Kalimantan.

Local names
Borneo: Bankal, Bangkol, Bongkol.