Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861)

Synonyms
Alliaria cyrtobotrya (Miq.) Kuntze
Alliaria lobbii (C.DC.) Kuntze
Alliaria multijuga (Blume) Kuntze
Amoora macrocarpa Merr.
Dysoxylum alternatum Ridl.
Dysoxylum andamanicum King
Dysoxylum aurantiacum Elmer
Dysoxylum bakeri Elmer
Dysoxylum benguetense Elmer
Dysoxylum biloculare Koord. & Valet.
Dysoxylum blumei Miq.
Dysoxylum blumei var. grandiflorum Koord. & Valet.
Dysoxylum blumei var. typicum Koord. & Valet.
Dysoxylum conchinchinense Pierre
Dysoxylum conchinchinense var. harmandianum (Pierre) Pellegr.
Dysoxylum conchinchinense var. quocense Pierre
Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum var. borneense Miq.
Dysoxylum grandifolium Merr.
Dysoxylum harmandianum Pierre
Dysoxylum hexandrum Merr.
Dysoxylum heyneanum Valeton ex K.Heyne
Dysoxylum kinabaluense Merr.
Dysoxylum lobii C.DC
Dysoxylum multifoliolatum Li & Chen
Dysoxylum multijugum (Blume) Adelb.
Dysoxylum oblongifoliolum Quisumb. & Merr.
Dysoxylum panayense Merr.
Dysoxylum racemosum King
Dysoxylum racemosum var. arboreum King
Dysoxylum tpongense Pierre
Dysoxylum venulosum King
Heynea multijuga Blume

Diagnostics
Mid-canopy tree up to 39 m tall and 85 cm dbh. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, compound, leaflets penni-veined, glabrous, leaf base rather rounded. Flowers ca. 10 mm diameter, white, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 37 mm diameter, yellow-orange-red, dehiscent capsules.

Description
Tree to 39 m, but often much less; bole to 85 cm diam., sometimes fluted at base or with buttresses to 1 m tall, 30 cm out. Bark pale brownish grey, smooth and lenticellate to scaling, brittle; inner bark pale yellowish brown, sometimes mottled; sapwood pale yellow; heartwood red-brown with sour smell. Twigs angled and cicatrose, often dull purple-tinged when young, leafy ones 5-7 mm diam. Apical buds stiletto-like. Leaves to 67 cm long, +/- imparipinnate with a scar next to the 'terminal' leaflet, 4- or 5(-6)-jugate; petiole c. 15-22 cm, 3-5 mm diam., flattened adaxially, glabrescent; rachis 2-3 mm diam., glabrescent. Leaflets 18-23 by 6-12 cm, oblong-ovate, sometimes narrowly so, +/- glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy on venation abaxially, leathery, subsessile, base +/- asymmetric, acute to subcuneate, apices acute to (long-)acuminate, costae 7-13 on each side, squarrose at origin, looping but scarcely joining at margin, sometimes yellowish in sicco; petiolules 0-5 mm. Inflorescences 8-25 cm long, spicate to scarcely branched, squarrose, axillary to ramiflorous, axes sparsely hairy, subsessile cymules 1-7-flowered; bracts c. 1 mm long, subtriangular. Flowers fragrant (honeysuckle, Mabberley). Bracteoles minute. Calyx c. 4 mm long, apically cupular, basally a pseudopedicel, +/- puberulent without, olive-green, margin 4-(or 5-)toothed, valvate. Petals 4(5), c. 5-7 by 2 mm, elliptic-oblong, valvate to apically imbricate, puberulent without, yellowish, sometimes pinkish apically. Staminal tube glabrous, off white, weakly hairy without, margin 8- (or 10-) toothed; anthers (6-)8(-10), c. 1.5 mm long, elliptic-ovate, yellow, +/- included. Disk c. 1-1.5 mm tall, not exceeding ovary, glabrous, margin irregularly c. 8-12-toothed. Ovary (2- or) 3-locular, hairy, each locule with 2 collateral ovules; style cylindical, furrowed, hairy, pale green; stylehead subcapitate, with basal annulus, white to pale orange. Capsule c. 4 cm long, 5 cm diam., globose to fig-shaped, often veiny or wrinkled, orange-red (black in sicco), dehiscent; the pericarp with white latex. Seeds 1-6, c. 25-35 mm long, 15-20 mm across, elliptic to suboblong, shiny brown-orange, (?) sarcotestal. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up to 2000 m altitude. Common on hillsides and ridges, but also along rivers and on alluvial sites, including peat swamps. Also found on limestone, on clay and ultrabasic soils.

Distribution
Nicobar and Andaman Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo, Philippines.

Local names
Borneo: Bunyah, Hantopak, Kalantupak, Lantupak, Rupai, Segera.