Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall., Calc. Gard. Rep. (1840)

Synonyms
Achras retusa Dennst. [Illegitimate]
Aglaia acida Koord. & Valet.
Aglaia barberi Gamble
Aglaia cambodiana (Pierre) Pierre
Aglaia curranii Merr.
Aglaia diffusa Merr.
Aglaia indica (Hook.f.) Harms
Aglaia khasiana Hiern
Aglaia latifolia Miq.
Aglaia latifolia var. teysmannii Koord. & Valet.
Aglaia magnifoliola C.DC.
Aglaia minahassae Koord.
Aglaia montrouzieri Pierre
Aglaia motleyana Stapf. ex Ridl.
Aglaia mucronulata C.DC
Aglaia oblonga Pierre
Aglaia pirifera Hance
Aglaia rugosa Pierre
Aglaia samarensis Merr.
Aglaia sulingi Blume
Aglaia testicularis C.Y.Wu
Aglaia undulata Miq.
Aglaia verrucosa C.DC.
Beddomea indica Hook.f.
Camunium bengalense Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. [Invalid]
Milnea cambodiana Pierre
Milnea edulis Roxb.
Milnea pirifera Pierre
Milnea sulingi (Blume) Teijsm.
Milnea undulata Wall. ex C.DC.
Nyalelia racemosa Dennst.

Description
Tree up to 33 m, sometimes flowering at 4 m. Bole up to 50 cm diam.; buttresses upwards up to 1.5 m, outwards up to 50 cm and up to 15 cm thick. Outer bark reddishbrown, yellowish-brown or greyish-green, flaking to expose orange-brown bark beneath; inner bark pink or brown; sapwood pale brown, red or yellow; latex white. Twigs densely covered with reddish-brown, pale brown or orange brown stellate hairs and scales or peltate scales which have an irregular or fimbriate margin. Leaves up to 44 cm long and 40 cm wide; petiole 3.5-9 cm, petiole, rachis and petiolules with few to densely covered with hairs or scales like those on the twigs. Leaflets 5-9(-11), (4-)5.5- 23 by (1.8-)2-9 cm, often pale brown or yellowish-brown when dry, often coriaceous, acuminate at apex, rounded or cuneate at the slightly asymmetrical base, with few to numerous hairs or scales like those on the twigs on the midrib below and occasional on the rest of that surface, often with numerous reddish-brown pits on the upper and lower surfaces; veins 5-16 on each side of the midrib, reticulation subprominent or visible below, petiolules 5-12(-20) mm on lateral Icallets. Inflorescences usually in the axils of the leaves, sometimes borne on the older wood of twigs. Male inflorescence up to 38 cm long and 32 cm wide, peduncle 0.5-5 cm, peduncle, rachis and branches with numerous to densely covered with hairs or scales like those on the twigs. Male flowers 1-1.5 mm long, 1-1.8 mm wide, pedicels 0.5-1.5 mm, densely covered with pale brown or reddish-brown stellate scales or orange brown peltate scales. Calyx with few to densely covered with scales like those on the pedicels. Petals (4 or) 5. Staminal tube cup-shaped, 0.5-1 mm long, up to 1.3 mm wide, thickened inside below the insertion of the anthers, aperture 0.6-1 mm. margin lobed; anthers 5 (6), 0.4-0.5 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide, ovoid, inserted halfway down the tube, either included and visible or protruding through aperture, sometimes dehiscent in the lower half only. Female inflorescence c. 5 cm long and 4 cm wide; peduncle up to 2.5 cm. Female flowers c. 2 mm long and 2.2 mm wide, pedicels nearly 2 mm. Petals 5(-7). Staminal tube 1 mm long, cup-shaped, aperture c. 1 mm, anthers 5, c. 0.5 mm long and 0.4 mm wide, included or protruding from the aperture of the staminal lube; otherwise like the male. Infructescence 7-12 cm long and 7-10 cm wide; peduncle up to 2.5 cm, peduncle, rachis and branches with few to numerous hairs or scales like those on the inflorescence. Fruits up to 3.2 cm long and 3.8 cm in diam., suhglobose with a central depression at the apex, grey or greenish-brown when unripe, dull orange or brown or yellow when ripe; pericarp 3-6 mm thick, woody or granular, often with numerous warts, with numerous to densely covered with small pale brown or nearly white peltate scales which have a fimbriate margin, pale brown on the outside and rugulose inside, sometimes with white latex. Locules 3, each containing 0-1 seed. Seed pale brown with a complete, thick, sour, juicy, translucent, white or orange-brown edible aril, up to 2 mm thick; seed without aril 14-20 mm long. 10-19 mm wide and 5-9 mm through, with the main vascular bundle running through the raphe and antiraphe. divaricately branching from the raphe over the sides of the seed; cotyledons subequal, obliquely transverse. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed to slightly open mixed dipterocarp forests up to 1700 m altitude. Mostly on hillsides and ridges with sandy to limestone soils, but also along rocky seashores, on coral and in belukar on sandy loam with clay to sandstone.

Uses
Fruit (aril) edible. Pericarp taken against diarrhoea. In China the wood is said to be red, light in weight and used in making cargo boat boards. Wood is also used for light construction work locally.

Distribution
Bhutan, India, and Southern China through Indochina and the Philippines into Indonesia up to the Moluccas.

Local names
Borneo: Basoliman, Lantupak, Segara, Serait.