Lithocarpus urceolaris (Jack) Merr., J. Arn. Arb. 33 (1952)

Synonyms
Lithocarpus cratephora (Fischer) A.Camus
Pasania craterophora Fischer
Pasania oligoneura (Korth.) Oerst
Pasania urceolaris (Jack) Oerst
Quercus oligoneura Korth.
Quercus urceolaris Jack

Diagnostics
Mid-canopy tree up to 34 m tall and 64 cm dbh. Leaves alternate, simple, penni-veined, glabrous to hairy below. Flowers ca. 3 mm diameter, yellow, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 24 mm diameter, green-grey-brown, nut halve enclosed by cupule.

Description
Tree up to 35 m tall, 70 cm diameter. Bark fissured, lenticellate, pale reddish brown; inner bark fibrous, brownish. Sapwood brownish. Twigs sparsely to densely tomentose, sparsely or densely lenticellate. Stipules narrowly ovate to linear, 2-3 x 1 mm. Leaves coriaceous, sparsely to densely tomentose or sometimes glabrous above, densely tomentose with appressed stellate or sometimes mixed with stiff hairs below; elliptic, obovate, oblong or lanceolate, 12-16.5(-35) x 5-9(-10) cm, base acute to cuneate, rarely rounded, margin revolute, apex sharply acute to acuminate, acumen 10-25 mm long; midrib broad, flat or slightly raised above, strongly raised below; lateral veins thin, (6-)7-12 pairs, lax, flat or impressed or sometimes obscure above, raised below, disappearing near the leaf margin, forming an angle of 40-60 degrees with the midrib; intercostal venation scalariform, dense, obscure above, thin and prominent below; petiole 5-8 mm long. Inflorescences male or androgynous. Male inflorescences 15-20(-25) cm long; bracts elliptic, c. 1 x 0.3 mm; bracteoles linear, c. 0.5 x 0.2 mm. Male flowers solitary along the rachis; perianth lobes obtuse, c. 1 x 0.9 mm; stamen filaments 2-3 mm long; pistillode globose, c. 0.5 mm diameter. Androgynous inflorescences 12-25 cm long; bracts ovate, c. 0.8 x 0.5 mm. Female flowers solitary along the rachis; perianth lobes acute, c. 1 x 0.6 mm; staminodes 10; styles conical, recurved, 1-1.5 mm long. Cupules solitary or rarely in clusters of 3 along the rachis, with stalk 5-8 mm long, cup-shaped, (0.5-)1.5-3.5 x 2.5- 3.5 cm, densely tomentose, minutely scaly or lamellate; wall woody, thick, densely hairy, enclosing up to half of the acorn; lamellae obscure, or if scaly, the scale-like appendages distinct, set in irregular lines. Acorns depressed globose, 2-4 x 2-3.5 cm, most part exserted, densely tomentose, brownish; base flat, apex acute or rounded; scar concave, 1-1.5 cm diameter; wall woody, thick, most part free from the cupule. [from Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak]

Ecology
In undisturbed to slightly disturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up to 1700 m altitude. Mostly on hillsides and ridges, but also along rivers. Mostly on sandy soils, but also found on limestone.

Distribution
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.

Local names
Borneo: Berangan, Brangan gasing, Mempening, Palele, Paning-paning, Pipit.