Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Gilg in Engl. & Pr., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3, 6 (1893)

Synonyms
Capallia multiflora Bl.
Capellia pauciflora Zoll. & Mor.
Dillenia excelsa var. borneensis Merr.
Dillenia excelsa var. pubescens Corn. ex Masamune
Dillenia excelsa var. tomentella Corn. ex Masamune
Dillenia glabra Martelli in Becc.
Dillenia magnoliifolia Martelli
Dillenia magnoliaefolia Martelli in Becc.
Dillenia mattanensis Martelli in Becc.
Dillenia oblonga Gilg in Engl. & Pr.
Dillenia pauciflora (Zoll. & Moritzi) Gilg
Dillenia secunda Hunter
Dillenia tomentella Martelli in Becc.
Wormia excelsa Jack
Wormia excelsa forma grandifolia Miq.
Wormia excelsa var. borneensis Miq.
Wormia excelsa var. pubescens Corn.
Wormia excelsa var. tomentella Corn.
Wormia grandifolia Miq.
Wormia oblonga Wall.
Wormia pauciflora Koord. & Val.
Wormia tomentella Ridl.

Diagnostics
Sub-canopy tree up to 40 m tall and 75 cm dbh. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, simple, penni-veined, margin usually entire. Flowers ca. 55 mm in diameter, yellow, placed in simple or composed racemes. Fruits ca. 28 mm long, red-purplish, dehiscent capsule with arilate seeds.

Description
Tree, up to 40 m high with 20 m clean trunk, 75 cm diam., with gray to brown bark, scurfy with reddish scales, and red to dark brown heartwood. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to oblong, ca 10-13- nerved, 15-30 by 7-10 cm, with rounded to acute, sometimes slightly acuminate apex, acute, often unequal-sided base, and slightly undulate, entire or dentate margin, glossy. Petiole 2-5 cm long. Raceme simple or composed, the only lateral branch at the place of the second flower, up to 12-flowered, sometimes some inflorescences crowded at the end of a branch and inflorescence therefore seemingly up to 30-flowered. Flower 7-10 cm diam., the pedicel distinctly thickened at the apex. Sepals 5, elliptic to ovate, 20-25 by 13-16 mm, glabrous to rather densely tomentose outside. Petals bright yellow, 40-50 by 25-33 mm. Stamens in 2 distinct groups, the outer ones ca 300, 10-11 mm long, straight in bud, the inner ones ca 30, 16-20 mm long, with their apex reflexed in bud. Carpels 5-10, usually 6-8, 12-14 by 2.5 mm, with 16-20 mm long, pink styles, each with 20-25 ovules. Fruit dehiscent. Carpels 18-20 by 12-16 mm, yellowish green outside, whitish inside, 1-3-seeded. Seeds 6 by 4 mm, dark brown, with a 2-3 mm long, red, membranaceous aril. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed and secondary mixed dipterocarp forests up to 700 m altitude. Mostly on alluvial sites (swamps, riversides, periodically inundated) but also found on hillsides and ridges. On sandy to clayey soils, but also on limestone.

Uses
The timber is used for house building.

Distribution
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines.

Local names
Borneo: Alang alung, Beringing, Gara, Jamihing, Jelangin, Jengin, Jing, Joching, Kajamihing, Kajuringin, Kandikara, Kanigara, Kegihing, Pampan, Randaman, Ringin, Rongin, Saramohing, Simpoh, Simpor laki, Simporotan, Simpur, Simpur bukit, Simpur laki, Tidahura, Tjumihing, Urip.