Terminalia foetidissima Griff., Not. Pl. As. 4 (1854)

Latin for 'bad smelling'.

Synonyms
Myrobalanus foetidissima Kuntze
Terminalia borneensis Sloot.
Terminalia ellipsoidea Merr.
Terminalia oocarpa Merr.
Terminalia sumatrana Miq.

Diagnostics
Upper canopy tree up to 45 m tall and 82 cm dbh. Twig tip usually hairy. Leaves alternate, simple, penni-veined, crowded at twig tips. Flowers ca. 6.5 mm in diameter, white-yellow, fragrant, placed in spikes. Fruits ca. 33 mm long, green, fleshy drupes.

Description
Tree up to 30(-45) m by 75 cm. Young branchlets rather stout, rufous- or silvery-tomentose or sericeous soon glabrescent. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, spirally arranged along the branchlets or often crowded towards their tips, appressed pubescent when young, usually glabrous or nearly glabrous when mature, sometimes rufous-pubescent on the nerves beneath, sometimes rather sparsely or more densely minutely verruculose above and at times beneath, usually opaque or very obscurely pellucid-punctate, sometimes somewhat glaucous beneath, obovate, narrowly obovate or obovatc-elliptic, 6-19 by 2.5-10 cm, rounded, shortly acuminate or obtuse at the apex, narrowly cuneate at the base; nerves 6-8 pairs, rather widely spaced, domatia usually present, mostly glabrous; petiole usually glabrous sometimes sparsely appressed-pubescent, 1-2.5 cm, usually with 2 glands at or near the middle. Flowers sessile, in axillary spikes 10-16 cm long, rhachis appressed-pubescent or glabrous. Bracts filiform, hairy, 2 mm. Lower receptacle (ovary) rufous-tomentose or sericeous 2-2.5 mm long; upper receptacle scarcely developed. Calyx-lobes triangular pubescent or nearly glabrous, 2 by 1.5 mm. Filaments glabrous, 3-4 mm; anthers 0.5 mm long. Disk barbate. Style glabrous 3-4 mm. Fruit hairy at first, glabrous when mature, subglobose or ovoid, slightly laterally compressed (sometimes appearing more flattened due to drying), 3.5-5 by 3-4 cm, showing in cross-section thin irregular bands of sclerenchyma enclosing masses of alveolar tissue, the whole surrounded by a layer 3-5 mm thick of a spongy or fibrous nature. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In mixed dipterocarp forests up to 200 m altitude. On alluvial and dry sites (hillsides and ridges) on clayey to sandy soils.

Uses
The timber is said to be not very durable. Bark is used in Palembang as a yellow or brown dye.

Distribution
Peninsular Burma, Thailand and Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines.

Local names
Borneo: Dandi, Ketapang, Ketapang gunung, Marasesap, Semundo.
Peninsular Malaysia: djelawai, pelawai, gelawai.
Sumatra : djaha koling, kaju kunjit, kaju ngtari, ketapang kantjil, ketapang talang, djedjaho.
Philippines: alilem, kalusit, balinsil, paang-baliids, tatisai del monte, talisai giibat., bangkalduag, malagdbi, dalinsi, dalinsoi, hakit, kalutit, purukan, magtalisai.