Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. (1837)

Synonyms
Bouea angustifolia Bl.
Bouea brandisiana Kurz
Bouea burmanica Griff.
Bouea burmanica var. kurzii Lecomte
Bouea burmanica var. microphylla (Griff) Engl.
Bouea burmanica var. roxburghii Lecomte
Bouea diversifolia Miq.
Bouea gandaria Blume
Bouea microphylla Griff.
Bouea myrsinoides Bl.
Cambessedea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Voigt
Haplospondias brandisiana (Kurz) Kosterm.
Manga acida Noronha
Mangifera oppositifolia Roxb.
Mangifera oppositifolia var. microphylla (Griff.) Merr.
Mangifera oppositifolia var. roxburghii (Pierre) Tard.
Matania laotica Gagnep.

Diagnostics
Tree with clear sap turning black. Stipules absent. Leaves opposite which is rare within the Anacardiaceae, distichous (in one plane along the twig), simple, small, glabrous. Flowers small, placed in small branched inflorescences. Fruits c. 2.5 cm long, orange-red fleshy drupes.

Description
Tree up to 43 m high and 89 cm diameter. Bark grey, green, light brown to purple brown, or red, fissured. Terminal (vegetative) buds lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 5-10 by 1.5-2.5 mm, scales of the outer pair the longest. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, lanceolate, or obovate to oblanceolate, 2-15 by 1-5 cm (on sterile specimens up to 22.5 by 5.5 cm), glabrous; base acute to cuneate, or obtuse; apex acuminate, rarely obtuse; nerves 8-14(-26) pairs, veins hardly visible, sometimes faint, reticulate; petiole 0.5-1 cm. Panicles 2.5-6 cm long; pedicels 0-2 mm. Flowers white, pale yellow to yellow. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, 0.5-0.7 mm long. Petals oblong or obovate-oblong, slightly variable in size, 1.5-2.3 mm. Stamens 0.6-1 mm; anthers apiculate. Disk small, thin, c. 0.7 mm diameter. Ovary c. 0.5 mm diameter. Drupe (fresh) broadly ellipsoid, c. 2.5 by 1.5 cm, yellow, orange, or red when ripe. [from Flora Malesiana]

Uses
Fruits are edible and are sometimes made into preserve when in a half ripe state. The durable, hard timber is used for various purposes.

Distribution
Southern China, Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java; Borneo.

Local names
Borneo: asam djanar, bandjar, kedjauw lepang, tampusu, ramania pipit, umpas.
Indonesia: Asam djanar; Bandjar; Kedjauw lepang; Kundang rumania; Ramania hutan; Ramania pipit; Rengas; Tampusu; Tolok burung; Umpas.
Malay Peninsula: gemia, kemiinia, kimdang, kiidang rumenia, merapoh rumenia, poko rummiyah, rambainyia, ramimia, romaniah, rumboi-nigor, rumenia, rumia.
Sumatra: kaju-rusun, kunangan, raman burung, raman padi, raman utan, rieden daun, gandaria, raman, iiris, iirisan.