Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 71 (1907)

Synonyms
Avicennia alba var. acuminatissima Merr.
Avicennia balanophora Stapf & Moldenke
Avicennia eucalyptifolia Zipp. ex Miq.
Avicennia intermedia W.Griff.
Avicennia marina forma angustata Moldenke
Avicennia marina var. acutissima Stapf & Moldenke
Avicennia marina var. anomala Moldenke
Avicennia marina var.intermedia (W.Griff.) Bakh.
Avicennia marina var. typica Bakh.
Avicennia maritima Naurois & Roux
Avicennia mindanaense Elmer
Avicennia officinalis var. acuminata Domin.
Avicennia officinalis var. eucalyptifolia Zipp. ex Miq.
Avicennia officinalis var. ovatifolia Kuntze
Avicennia resinifera Forst.
Avicennia sphaerocarpa Stapf ex Ridl.
Avicennia tomentosa var. arabica Walp.
Avicennia tomentosa var. australasica Walp.
Halodendron thouarsi Roem. & Schult.
Racka ovata Roem. & Schult.
Racka torrida J.F.Gmel.
Trichorhiza lechenaultii Miq. ex Moldenke
Sceura marina Forsk.

Description
Shrub up to 8 m tall and 10 cm dbh, with pneumatophore roots. Stipules absent. Leaves opposite, simple, penni-veined, glabrous to hairy, whitish below. Flowers ca. 6 mm diameter, yellow-orange, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 10 mm long, green-brownish, drupes.

Ecology
In mangroves and along tidal rivers and streams, also in coastal forests, swamps and scrub up to 50 m altitude.

Distribution
Eastern Africa to China, Japan, New Guinea, northern Australia and western Pacific. In Borneo found along the coasts of Sarawak, Sabah and East Kalimantan.

Local names
Indonesia: Api-api.