Baccaurea tetrandra (Baill.) Mull.Arg., in DC. Prodr. 15, 2 (1866)

Synonyms
Adenocrepis tetrandra Baill.
Baccaurea brevipedicellata Pax & K.Hoffm.
Baccaurea stipulata J.J.Sm.
Baccaurea terminalifolia Elm.

Description
Shrub or tree 2-20 m high, dbh 3-29 cm, sometimes fluted, buttresses absent; branch-lets (sub)glabrous, often thickened at tip, Terminalia branching pattern well-developed. Indumentum of simple hairs. Bark brown to grey to whitish green when fresh, brown to grey when dry, 0.1-2 mm thick, smooth to slightly rough, corky, peeling off in 5-8 long cm strips, soft; inner bark red to purple to brown to yellow to white, c. 1.5 mm thick, soft. Heartwood brown. Leaves: petiole 4-75 mm long, (sub)glabrous, transverse cracks at base and tip, brown to grey when dry, raised glands present; stipules 3-11 by 1.2-4.5 mm, caducous (to late caducous), glabrous to densely hairy outside, glabrous inside, margin often ciliate, sometimes hyaline; lamina obovate to elliptic, (3.2-)5-21 by 1.5-12.3 cm, l/w ratio 1.4-3.4, papery; base rounded to cuneate; apex (retuse to) obtuse to acute, up to 20 mm long; upper surface glabrous, raised glands usually present, often granulate, (light yellow-)green when fresh, (greenish to brownish) white, nervation slightly raised; lower surface glabrous, nervation subgla-brous, raised glands usually present, discoid glands absent, light green when fresh, (pale greenish to greyish) brown when dry; secondary veins (2-)4-9 per side, often closed at margin; nervation reticulate to weakly scalariform, white to brown when dry; young leaves red. Staminate inflorescences axillary to just below the leaves, solitary to 3(-many) clustered together, 1.5-17 cm long, 0.5-1.5 mm thick, sparsely to densely hairy, many-flowered, flowers scattered along inflorescence, rachis white to red to purple; bracts 1 per branchlet, 0.3-2 mm long, persistent to caducous, glabrous to densely hairy outside, (sub)glabrous inside, margin ciliate, not hyaline; bracteoles (0-)2, up to 1 mm long, subglabrous to densely hairy outside, glabrous inside; branch-lets cylindrical, 0-2.5 mm long, densely hairy, 3-flowered. Staminate flowers 1.6-4.5 mm diam., yellow to white; pedicel 0.8-3 mm long, upper part 0.3-2 mm long, densely hairy; sepals 4 or 5, spatulate to sometimes ovate, 0.9-3 by 0.6-1.3 mm, sometimes apically recurved, sparsely to densely hairy outside, densely hairy inside; staminodes absent or 4 or 5; stamens (3 or) 4 or 5, 0.6-1.4 mm long, (sub)glabrous; filaments glabrous to subglabrous, 0.5-1.3 mm long, often apically geniculate; anthers 0.15-0.25 by 0.15-0.3 by c. 0.1 mm; pistillode obtriangular to cylindrical, 0.6-1.3 mm high, densely hairy, usually hollow. Pistillate inflorescences axillary to just below the leaves (to ramiflorous), solitary to 3 clustered together, 2.5-30 cm long, 0.1-2 mm thick, sparsely to densely hairy, 5-50-flowered, rachis red; pedicel 0.5-7.5 mm long, upper part 0-1.3 mm long, sparsely hairy to densely hairy; bracts (1 or) 3 per branchlet, glabrous to densely hairy outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate. Pistillate flowers 3-12 mm diam., yellow to green (to red); sepals 4-6, obovate to elliptic, 1.5-5.9 by 0.2-2.4 mm, sparsely to densely hairy outside, densely hairy inside, caducous; ovary globose, 1.2-2.4 by 1-2.1 mm, 2-locular, sparsely to densely hairy, pale green; style absent to 0.4 by 0.7-1 mm, densely hairy; stigmas 0.4-1 mm long, cleft for upper up to 90%, white, persistent to caducous; lobes 0.4-0.7 by 0.2-0.7 mm, glabrous with protuberances above, below glabrous to densely hairy with protuberances. Infructes-cences to 45 cm long, purple. Fruits globose to ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 1- or 2- or 4-seeded, fleshy capsules, 7-17 by 6.5-15 by 6.5-15 mm, loculicidally dehiscent to irregularly splitting, raised glands sometimes present, glabrous to sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside, red (to yellow to pink to greenish white); pericarp 0.1-1.5 mm thick; column 8-14 mm long, straight, caducous; pedicel 0.5-8 mm long, upper part 0.2-5.5 mm long, red. Seeds globose to obovoid, laterally flattened, 7-13 by 5-9.5 by 3-6.5 mm; arillode blue to purple; testa red; cotyledons often folded, (3-)3.5-7.5 by 4-8.7 by c. 0.1 mm; radicle 0.9-1.8 mm long; endosperm 0.2-1 mm thick. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed to slightly disturbed mixed dipterocarp and swamp forests up to 1500 m altitude. Mostly on alluvial sites with clay, sand, loam soils.

Uses
The wood is locally used for poles. The fruits are edible, sweet-sour.

Distribution
Borneo, Philippines.

Local names
Borneo Engkuni, Keramaian, Konkuning, Kunau, Kunau-kunau, Kuni, Mata kunau, Mata pelandok, Mata pelandu, Pundung undang, Sekunau.
Philippines Katag, saket.