Baccaurea parviflora (Mull.Arg.) Mull.Arg., in DC. Prodr. 5, 2 (1866)

Notes
Vegetatively almost indistinguishable from Baccaurea odoratissima.

Synonyms
Baccaurea affinis Mull.Arg.
Baccaurea dasystachya (Miq.) Mull.Arg.
Baccaurea rostrata Merr.
Baccaurea scortechinii Hook.f.
Baccaurea singaporica Pax & K.Hoffm.
Pierardia dasystachya Miq.
Pierardia parviflora Mull.Arg.

Description
Shrub to tree 3-19 m high, dbh 4-21 cm, buttresses absent, rarely fluted at base; branchlets glabrous, slightly thickened at tip, Terminalia branching pattern well-developed. Indumentum of simple hairs. Bark greenish-grey to grey-black to light yellow-brown to brown, 1.5-3.5 mm thick, rough to smooth, minutely fissured in strips 5 mm wide, papery; inner bark yellow to light brown, 1.5-2 mm thick. Leaves: petiole glabrous, densely hairy when young, 4-55 mm long, brown to reddish when dry, raised glands usually present; stipules 2.5-7 by 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous to rarely densely hairy, margin ciliate, one side with long hairs, hyaline, midrib hirsute above; lamina elliptic to obovate, 5-23 by 2-9.5 cm, l/w ratio 1.6-3.7, papery; base attenuate to cuneate; apex acuminate, up to 22 mm long; upper surface glabrous, rarely hair-domatia present at base, rarely granulate, (dark) green when fresh, red to brown to green when dry; lower surface (sub)glabrous, raised glands absent, discoid glands sometimes present, (greyish to light-)green when fresh, red to brown to green when dry; secondary veins (3-)5-10 per side, closed at 2-3 mm from margin; nervation reticulate to weakly scalariform, green to yellowish to red when dry; young leaves whitish to pinkish. Staminate inflorescences cauline, at base of trunk, many clustered together, 4-28 cm long, rachis up to 1.2 mm thick, densely hairy, many-flowered, flowers scattered along inflorescence, red to maroon to light yellow; bracts 1 per branchlet, 0.3-1.6 by 0.15-1 mm, subglabrous (to densely hairy) outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate, some-times hyaline; bracteoles 2, 0.2-0.4 mm long; branchlets cylindrical, 0.1-2.8 mm long, densely hairy, (1-)3-flowered. Staminate flowers 1-5 mm diam.; pedicel 0.4-6 mm long, upper part 0.2-3 mm, sparsely to densely hairy; sepals 4 or 5, obovate, each with a different size and shape, 0.5-3 by 0.5-1.2 mm, densely hairy outside, glabrous to densely hairy inside, maroon to yellow outside, cream to yellow inside when fresh, whitish outside, brownish white inside when dry; stamens 5-7, 0.5-0.9 mm long, glabrous, cream; filaments 0.4-0.8 mm long, straight; anthers 0.2-0.3 by 0.1-0.2 by 0.1-0.2 mm; rudimentary disc sometimes present; pistillode obtriangular, 0.3-1.2 mm long, hirsute, hollow inside, cream. Pistillate inflorescences cauline, at base of trunk, many clustered together, up to 28 cm long, 1-4 mm thick, densely hairy (to glabrous), red when dry, fragrant; pedicel 2-6(-9) mm long, often without a clear abscission zone, upper part 0.2-3(-7.5) mm long, densely hairy, bright red; bracts 3, up to 1.2(-1.6) by 1(-1.3) mm, persistent, sparsely to densely hairy outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate. Pistillate flowers 5-7.5 mm diam.; sepals 4 or 5, narrowly elliptic to obovate, 2.7-8 by 0.9-2 mm, densely hairy outside, glabrous to densely hairy inside, white to yellow to usually red when fresh, caducous to persistent; ovary almost globose, with or without 6 wings, 1.3-2.2 by 1-2.3 mm, (2- or) 3- (or 4-)locular, velutinous, yellow; style 0-2 by c. 1 mm, densely hairy, yellow; stigmas 0.1-1.5 mm long, cleft apically only or up to base, caducous to persistent; lobes 0.2-1.4 mm long, glabrous with protuberances above, sparsely to densely hairy below. Fruits fusiform, 1-3-seeded berries, with or without 4-6 narrow wings, 16-32 by 7-15 mm, glabrous to sparsely hairy outside, raised glands present, dull red to maroon turning purple to black when fresh; pericarp c. 1-2.5 mm thick, glabrous on both sides; column 10-18 mm long, straight. Seeds ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 9-16 by 4-8 by 1-5 mm; arillode red to purple to white; cotyledons orbicular to square, membranous, 5.5-11 by 4-6 by 0.5-3.5 mm, radicle up to 1.5 mm long. [from Blumea Suppl. 12: 1--216]

Ecology
Primary and secondary evergreen forest, keranga forest, (peat)swamp forest, steep hillsides to dry parts of swamps to alluvial forest. Soil: sandstone, white sandy soil. Altitude: sea level up to 1250 m.

Uses
Wood locally used as boxwood. Fruits are edible, sour-sweet taste.

Distribution
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.

Local names
Borneo Bamotong belaboh, Belembik planduk, Engkuni, Konkuni, Mata pelanduk, Motjong.
Peninsular Malaysia Tamun (Batec); kentamun ayer (Temuan); asam tambun, belembik, dedali, engkuni, setambun, tambun.
Thailand Somfai Pah.