Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.) Mull.Arg., in DC. Prodr. 15, 2 (1866)

Synonyms
Adenocrepis lanceolatus (Miq.) Mull.Arg.
Baccaurea glabriflora Pax & K.Hoffm.
Baccaurea pyrrhodasya (Miq.) Mull.Arg.
Hedycarpus lanceolatus miq.
Pierardia pyrrhodasya Miq.

Description
Tree 3-30 m high, dbh 5-60 cm, buttresses absent; trunk gnarled; branchlets (sub)-glabrous; young shoots green to grey-green to brownish when dry, Terminalia branching pattern usually weak. Indumentum of simple hairs. Bark grey to pale brown to yellowish to whitish to greenish when fresh, grey when dry, 0.2-3 mm thick, smooth, scaly, sometimes peeling off, soft; inner bark pale brown to white to grey to yellowish, 2-3.5 mm thick. Heartwood yellowish to brownish. Leaves: petiole 16-184 mm long, glabrous, apically and slightly basally pulvinate, green to grey to brown-green when dry, raised glands usually present; stipules (3-)5-16 by 2-6 mm, caducous (to late caducous), glabrous outside and inside, midrib often densely hairy above, margin (not) ciliate, usually hyaline (in Peninsular Malaysia not hyaline); lamina ovate to obovate, 9.2-45 by 3.7-26.5 cm, l/w ratio 1.7-3.4, papery; base attenuate to rounded; apex acute to cuspidate, (0-)3-20 mm long; upper surface glabrous, raised glands present, sometimes granulate, glossy dark green when fresh, (grey to brown to) green when dry; lower surface glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy at midrib, raised glands present, discoid glands absent, (dull pale) green when fresh, (grey to brown to) green when dry, nervation paler; secondary veins 6-13 per side, closed at margin to almost so; nervation reticulate. Staminate inflorescences cauline, many clustered together, 3.5-18 cm long, 0.1-1 mm thick, glabrous to sparsely hairy, branching minute, many-flowered, flowers scattered along inflorescence, yellow to pink to cream-white; bracts 1 per branchlet, 0.4-1.5 mm long, densely hairy outside, (sub)glabrous inside, margin ciliate, hyaline; bracteoles 0.1-0.5 mm long, 2 per branchlet, glabrous outside, (sub)gla-brous inside; branchlets absent, 3-flowered. Staminate flowers 2-7 mm diam., yellow to pink to purple to cream-white; pedicel 1.8-7 mm long, upper part 1.7-7 mm long, (sub)glabrous, densely hairy at base; sepals (3 or ) 4 or 5, obovate to spatulate, often variable in size and shape, 1.1-5.5 by 0.6-2.7 mm, apex slightly recurved or straight, glabrous outside (densely hairy in Peninsular Malaysia), sparsely to densely hairy inside; petals often present, 3-5, rudimentary; staminodes 3-5; stamens (3 or) 4 or 5, 0.4-0.6 mm long, glabrous; ?laments 0.1-0.3 mm long, straight; anthers 0.2-0.35 by 0.2-0.4 by 0.15-0.2 mm; disc absent; pistillode globose to cylindrical, 0.2-0.7 mm high, velutinous, solid. Pistillate inflorescences cauline, few clustered together, 8-33(-50) cm long, 1-5 mm thick, subglabrous to sparsely hairy (glabrous in Peninsular Malaysia), 20-25-flowered, yellowish brown to reddish; pedicel 0.8-4.5 mm long, thickened at abscission zone, upper part 0.1-1.5 mm long, subglabrous to densely hairy (glabrous in Peninsular Malaysia), pink; bracts 3 per branchlet, (sub)glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate. Pistillate flowers 3.5-10 mm diam., yellow to orange to purple to reddish cream to whitish; sepals 4 or 5, ovate to obovate, 1-6 by 0.9-3.2 mm, densely hairy outside, (sub)glabrous inside, caducous; petals 2-8, reduced; ovary globose, 1.5-3.2 by 1.5-3.2 mm, 3- or 4-locular, sparsely to densely hairy, wings usually absent, rarely 3 or 4 poorly developed, purple to green; style absent; stigmas 0.7-1 mm long, cleft for upper 10-90%, reddish to ochre, persistent to caducous; lobes 0.7-1 by 0.2-0.6 mm, glabrous and ruminate above, glabrous to densely hairy below. Fruits globose to ellipsoid, 1-4-seeded berries, 24-54 by 16.5-41 by 16.5-41 mm when dry, 38 by 60 mm when fresh, raised glands present, ruminate when dry, glabrous outside and inside, purple or green when young, green to yellow to whitish to greyish to brownish when mature; pericarp 1-10 mm thick; column c. 32 mm long; pedicel (1-)2.5-17 mm long, upper part 0.5-11 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 12.2-26 by 8-15 by 4.8-9 mm; arillode white to grey, translucent; testa yellow to whitish; cotyledons 10-11.5 by 8.9-13 by c. 0.1 mm; radicle 1-2.2 mm long; endosperm 1-2 mm thick. [from Blumea Suppl. 12: 1--216 (2000)]

Ecology
In undisturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up to 1300 m altitude. Mostly on alluvial sites, but sometimes also on hillsides and ridges. On clay to sandy soils, but also on limestone.

Uses
Against stomachache: the leaves are pounded in bamboo and mixed with water. Pericarp and arillode edible but sour and therefore eaten with sugar or salt. Rarely in cultivation in fruit gardens. Eaten with chicken rice.

Distribution
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines.

Local names
Borneo Ampusu, Asam pauh, Buah lepasu, Buah lipau, Empawang, Kalampesu, Lampaung, Lapahung, Laptu, Lipasu, Tamasu, Tampoi.
Peninsular Malaysia Asam pahong, asam pahung, asam paung, limpanong, pahu asam, pahu temuangi.
Sumatra Tegeiluk (Mentawai); kaloe goegoer, langsat hutan, lempaong, lempaoe-oeng, peng. Java: Lingsoe.