Baccaurea bracteata Mull.Arg., in DC. Prodr. XV (1866)

Synonyms
Baccaurea bracteata var. crassifolia (J.J.Sm.) Airy Shaw
Baccaurea crassifolia J.J.Sm.
Sapium sterculiaceum Wall. [Invalid]

Description
Treelet or tree 2-25 m high, dbh 4-40 cm, buttresses sometimes present, up to 1 m high, c. 13 cm thick, stilt roots rarely present, bole rarely fluted; branchlets glabrous to densely hairy, Terminalia branching pattern weakly developed. Indumentum of simple and stellate hairs. Bark brown to grey to pink to red to yellow when fresh, (dark to red-)brown to blackish when dry, 0.25-1 mm thick, usually smooth, hard, flaking in rectangular flakes of c. 10 by 2 mm; inner bark red to pale yellow to (red)-brown to green to pink, 0.25-8 mm thick, hard to soft. Heartwood pink to brown. Leaves: petiole 8-65(-87) mm long, subglabrous to densely hairy, simple hairs longer than those of the stellate tufts, transverse cracks often present, (pink)brown when fresh, black to red brown when dry, raised glands usually absent; stipules triangular, 2-6 by 1-2.5 mm, subglabrous to velutinous outside, glabrous to subglabrous inside, rarely densely hairy, margin ciliate, not hyaline; lamina ovate to elliptic (to obovate), 3.5-21 by 1.7-9.8 cm, l/w ratio 1.4-3.4, papery to subleathery; base truncate to attenuate; marginal glands sometimes slightly visible as small indentations; apex obtuse to cuspidate, up to 20 mm long; upper surface glabrous to subglabrous, small raised glands present, granulate, white green to dark green when fresh, pale to dark green-brown when dry; lower surface sparsely hairy to rarely densely hairy, sparsely hairy to velutinous on the midrib (to subglabrous), stellate hair-tufts at base with a conspicuous black gland, discoid glands usually present, placed in rows to scattered, raised glands sometimes present, bigger, white to pale green below when fresh, (pale) green-brown below when dry; nervation whitish to black-brown above when dry, blackish brown below, often sunken above; secondary veins 3-8 per side, not to almost closed at margin; nervation reticulate to weakly scalariform. Staminate inflorescences axillary to just below the leaves, solitary to 3 clustered together, 0.5-16 cm long, 0.5-1.2 mm thick, sparsely hairy to velutinous, branched, c. 10-100-flowered, flowers scattered along inflorescence, red; sometimes leaf-like bracts present; bracts 1 per branchlet, (broadly) ovate to triangular, conspicuous, 2-6 mm long, caducous to persistent, margin ciliate, sometimes hyaline, densely hairy to rarely subglabrous outside, glabrous inside, red to pale green; bracteoles c. 6, 1-5 mm long; branchlets cylindrical, 2-15 mm long, densely hairy, (3- or) 4-17(-40-)flowered. Staminate flowers 1.5-2.9 mm diam., caducous at the moment of opening; pedicel 0.3-1.2 mm long, upper part c. 0.1-1.1 mm long, densely hairy; sepals 4 or 5, ovate, 1-2.2 by 0.6-1.5 mm, apex recurved, densely hairy outside and inside, white to yellow to green to pink to red to brown when fresh; stamens 4 or 5, 0.25-0.5 mm long, glabrous, yellow; filaments 0.05-0.3 mm long, straight; anthers 0.1-0.25 by 0.15-0.2 by c. 0.1 mm, light yellow to reddish; disc absent; pistillode usually present, cylindrical to globose, up to 1 mm high, densely hairy, solid. Pistillate inflorescences axillary to just below the leaves, solitary, 1-6.5 cm long, in Borneo up to 16 cm long, c. 1.5 mm thick, sometimes branched, densely hairy, 5-30-flowered; pedicel 1-5 mm long, upper part 0.5-2 mm long, densely hairy, raised glands often present; bracts 1-6 per branchlet, (broadly) ovate, velutinous out-side, glabrous inside, margin ciliate, persistent to caducous; rachis pink to brown-red to yellow-brown-green. Pistillate flowers 4-12 mm diam., yellowish to greenish to (red)brown; sepals 4 or 5 (or 6), ovate to elliptic, 3.5-11 by 0.9-3.5 mm, outside and inside densely hairy, caducous to persistent; staminodes rarely present; ovary cylindrical to globose, 2-4 by 1.5-3 mm, 2- or 3-locular, velutinous, wings absent (to 6), brown-yellow; style 0-1.6 by 0.5-1 mm, velutinous, pale yellow green; stigmas 0.9-2.5 mm long, cleft for upper 70-90%, persistent to caducous; lobes 0.8-1.8 by 0.2-0.5 mm, glabrous to subglabrous, protuberances small above, below densely hairy, protuberances strong. Fruits globose to triangular, 3-6-seeded, fleshy capsules, 19-25 mm diam. when fresh, 10.5-23 by 14-25 by 14-25 mm when dry, only partly loculicidally dehiscent, raised glands usually present, subglabrous to densely hairy outside, glabrous to sparsely hairy inside, septa subglabrous to sparsely hairy, red to orange-brown- green; pericarp 1-4.5 mm thick, often ruminate when dry; column 8-19.5 mm long, straight, persistent; pedicel 3-9 mm long, upper part 1.5-4.5 mm long, sometimes thickened. Seeds ovoid to obovoid, (6.2-)7-10 by (4-)4.5-6.5 by 3-4.8 mm; arillode (orange) yellow; testa white; cotyledons sometimes folded, 3-5 by (3-)4-5.5 by 0.05-0.1 mm; radicle 0.5-1.5 mm long; endosperm 0.5-1 mm thick. [from Blumea Suppl. 12: 1--216 (2000)]

Ecology
Primary or secondary rain forest, freshwater swamp, peat swamp, heath swamp, kerangas, rarely in mangrove forest. Altitude: sea level up to 390(-900) m. Soil: usually white sand. Fruits eaten by birds.

Uses
Shoots used in longhouse construction. Fruits are edible, sour.

Distribution
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.

Local names
Borneo Jemating, Kapul pugi nentalon, Kayu masam, Kelibon, Lawin daun, Puak, Puak burong, Pugi barong, Pugi ranau, Selantikan, Tampoi, Tampoi hutan, Tampoi munyit, Tampoi paya, Terai rampak, Tutung.
Sumatra Berat mata, tampui kaka. Bangka: Kelempa.
Thailand Khao-rang.