Artocarpus rigidus Blume, Bijdr. (1825)

Synonyms
Artocarpus cuspidatus Griff.
Artocarpus dimorphophyllus Miq.
Artocarpus echinatus Roxb.
Artocarpus kertau Zoll. ex Miq.
Artocarpus muricatus Hunter ex Ridl.
Artocarpus rotunda (Houtt.) Panz.
Artocarpus varians Miq.
Radermachia rotunda Houtt
Saccus dimorphophyllus Kuntze
Saccus rigidus Kuntze
Saccus varians Kuntze

Diagnostics
Tree with abundant white sap. Stipules surrounding the twigs, leaving circular scar when dropped. Leaves alternate, simple, lower surface densely hairy. Fruit placed on branches, c. 13 cm diameter, spiny, dull orange, with seeds placed in orange flesh.

Description
Tree up to 47 m tall, 90 cm diameter, with buttresses up to 3 m tall. Bark dark grey, smooth, fissured to scaly. Twigs 2-6 mm thick, smooth or rugose, densely or sparsely hispid-pubescent with reddish brown hairs. Stipules amplexicaul, ovate or lanceolate, acute, 0.5-3 cm long, hispid-pubescent with yellow to reddish brown hairs. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, upper surface sparsely hairy, lower surface densely rough-hairy; elliptic to ovate, obovate or oblong, 9-32 x 4-10(-15) cm, base cuneate to rounded, margin faintly toothed towards apex, apex acute; midrib raised above; lateral veins 9-20 pairs, raised below, flat or sunken above; intercostal venation scalariform or reticulate, raised below, very faint above; petiole 1-3 cm long. Leaves of juvenile trees pinnately lobed. Inflorescences solitary, axillary; bracts with peltate upper parts c. 0.3 mm across, shortly ciliate; peduncle 0.2-0.6 cm long, densely appressed hairy. Male heads obovoid to subglobose, 1.3-2 cm across; perianth tubular, c. 1 mm long, shortly bilobed, minutely hairy; filaments slender, cylindric, anthers globose, c. 0.1 mm long. Female heads with caducous, pubescent, peltate bracts; female flowers with simple exserted styles. Syncarps globose, up to 13 cm diameter, dull orange, surface strongly spiny by the closely set, rigid, tapering, acute, hispid-pubescent processes 7-9 x 2 mm; pulp around the fruit orange, fleshy, sweet; peduncle up to 4 cm long. [from Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak]

Ecology
In undisturbed to disturbed mixed dipterocarp forests up to 1000 m altitude. On hillsides and ridges, but also on alluvial sites and peat swamps. On sandy to clay soils, but also on limestone.

Uses
Cultivated for the edible sweet pulp surrounding the seeds. The timber is classified as beruni or selangking and is used for making beams, furniture and boats.

Distribution
Peninsular Burma, Thailand and Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo.

Local names
Borneo: Buruni, Dadah, Keledang, Mayuh dia, Pala munsoh, Pala musoh, Pujan.