Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume, Cat. Bog. (1823)

Synonyms
Artocarpus blumei Trecul
Artocarpus blumei var. kunstleri (King) Boerl.
Artocarpus corneri Kuchummen
Artocarpus jarrettiae Kochummen
Artocarpus kunstleri King
Artocarpus pubescens Blume
Artocarpus scortechinii King
Saccus blumei Kuntze
Saccus elasticus Kuntze

Diagnostics
Tree with abundant white sap. Stipules large, surrounding the twigs, leaving circular scar when dropped. Leaves alternate, simple, often deeply lobed, especially in young trees. Fruit ca. 12 cm diameter, globose, spiny (spines of two lengths) syncarp, green-yellow, with seeds in whitish flesh.

Description
Tree up to 45 m tall, 90 cm diameter, with prominent buttresses up to 3 m tall. Bark grey-brown, smooth to slightly scaly; inner bark pale brown. Twigs 10-20 mm thick, rough-hairy. Stipules amplexicaul, 6-20 cm long, hispid-pubescent with yellowish or reddish brown, patent or appressed hairs. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, upper surface sparsely rough-hairy, lower surface densely rough-hairy; ovate or elliptic to oblong, 15-60 x 10-35 cm, base usually rounded, rarely cuneate, margin entire, plane or shallowly crenate, apex acute; midrib raised above; lateral veins 12-14 pairs, prominently raised below, flat and distinct above; intercostal venation scalariform or reticulate, prominent below, faint above; petiole 4-10 cm long. Leaves of juvenile trees 2-3-times pinnatifid, up to 200 cm long. Inflorescences solitary, axillary; peduncle 4-7.5 cm long, hairy. Male heads cylindrical, 6-15 cm long, with distinct deep grooves; perianth bilobed, c. 0.8 mm long, appressed pubescent, stamens c. 0.9 mm long, anthers oblong, c. 0.4 m long. Female heads with simple or bifid, exserted styles. Syncarps cylindrical, up to 12 x 6 cm, yellow-brown, covered by fleshy, whitish, short-hispid processes of two lengths, the longer flexuous and slightly tapering, solid, 10-18 x 1-1.5 mm, and the shorter ones narrowly conical, perforate, c. 4 x 1 mm; bracts with funnel-shaped upper parts, scattered; peduncle 6.5-12 cm long, hairy. Seeds within white flesh. [from Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak]

Ecology
In undisturbed to slightly disturbed mixed dipterocarp, keranga and sub-montane forests up to 1500 m altitude. On alluvial sites, hillsides and ridges with sandy to clay soils.

Uses
The wood is locally used for light construction. The bark is used to make basket straps. The latex is used as bird glue. The fruits and seeds (roasted) are edible.

Distribution
Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas.

Local names
Borneo: Bakil, Danging, Pekalong, Pilang, Talun, Tap, Tekalong, Tarap, Terap, Terap hutan, Terap munyit.
Sabah: terap togop (Dusun, preferred name). Sarawak: kian (Berawan, Kayan, Kenyah), pedalai, tekalong (Iban), pien (Bidayuh), terap (Malay, preferred name), tian (Bidayuh, Sadong).