Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1868)

Synonyms
Alliaria densiflora (Blume) Kuntze
Alliaria griffithii Kuntze
Alliaria trichostyla (Miq.) Kuntze
Dysoxylum densiflorum var. minus Koord. & Valet.
Dysoxylum elmeri Merr.
Dysoxylum griffithii Hiern
Dysoxylum trichostylum Miq.
Dysoxylum trichostylum var. glabrum Miq.
Dysoxylum trichostylum var. pubescens Miq.
Epicharis altissima Blume
Epicharis densiflora Blume
Epicharis glabra Blume ex Miq.
Guarea densiflora (Blume) Spreng.
Hartighsea ramiflora Griff.

Diagnostics
Emergent tree up to 51 m tall and 123 cm dbh. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, compound, leaflets penni-veined, hairy to glabrous. Flowers ca. 13 mm diameter, white-yellowish, placed in racemes on the twigs. Fruits ca. 30 mm diameter, grey-yellow-brown, capsules. Seeds partly covered by white aril.

Description
Tree to 30(-51) m with clear bole to 13 m and 123 cm diam. Buttresses to 3.5 m tall, forming plankroots to 5 m long at base. Bark grey-green, smooth and lenticellate to fissured or flaking, the +/- rectangular flakes leaving brown patches; inner bark thin, fibrous and pinkish, red mottled, creamy yellow within; sapwood straw. Leafy twigs 6-8 mm diam., grey-brown with prominent cicatrices and sometimes white latex. Apical buds with fist-shaped young leaves. Leaves to 1.5 m, in dense terminal spirals, imparipinnate, 5-8-jugate; petiole 6-11 cm, terete to grooved adaxially proximally, swollen somewhat at base, +/- finely pubescent; rachis 2-4 mm diam., terete, +/- pubescent. Leaflets 14-20 by 5-8 cm, opposite to subopposite, shiny midgreen adaxially, paler abaxially, the apical one elliptic-ovate to -obovate, symmetrical, the laterals elliptic-ovate, the most proximal ovate and smallest, apices acuminate, bases obtuse to subcordate (to cuneate in apical leaflet), markedly asymmetric especially in most proximal leaflets, +/- pubescent abaxially, sometimes conspicuously brown-pubescent, venation brochidodrome, costae c. 14 on each side, arcuate, drying paler adaxially, prominent and pubescent abaxially; petiolule 1-4(-6) mm (-12 mm in apical leaflet). Racemes or narrow thyrses to 10 cm long, solitary or fasciculate in axils or on twigs, sericeous; bracts c. 2 mm long, triangular, pubescent. Flowers sometimes in sessile cymules, hyacinth-scented. Pedicels 2-3 mm, pubescent. Calyx c. 2.5 mm long, campanulate, adpressed pubescent, deeply 4-lobed, lobes acute. Petals 4, c. 8-11 mm long, linear-oblong, acute, imbricate, sparsely hairy without, white. Staminal tube subglabrous without, pilose within, conspicuously 8- (or 9-)striate, white, the margin 8-lobed, lobes subtruncate, emarginate or erose; anthers 8 (or 9), c. 1 mm long, oblong-ovate, alternating with lobes. Disk 3-4 mm tall, glabrous or sparsely hairy within, margin irregularly lobed. Ovary (3- or) 4-locular, adpressed pubescent; style adpressed pubescent; stylehead discoid, yellow. Infructescence to 10 cm or fruits solitary, rachis to 9 mm diam. Capsule to 4 cm long, 2 cm diam., pyriform to fusiform, (3- or) 4-valved, silky grey-green hairy; pericarp soft, with white latex. Seeds 2-4, testa black, partially enveloped in a white hilar (?) aril; the cotyledons green. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up to 1700 m altitude. Usually on alluvial sites along rivers and streams. On sandy to clay soils, but also on limestone.

Uses
The timber is locally used.

Distribution
From southern China into Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo, Philippines, Celebes.

Local names
Borneo: Humbi, Jolurut, Langsat-langsat, Mengkuang, Segera.
Flores: Garu.
Java: Kedujo (C Java), Kapinango, Maranginan, Pingku (Sund.), Kraminan.
Lombok: Garu.
Madura: Tjempaga, tjempogo, Tjepaga.