Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.N.Parker, Ind. For. 57 (1931)

Synonyms
Aglaia aphanamixis Pellegr.
Aglaia aphanamixis var. frutescens (C.DC.) Pellegr.
Aglaia beddomei (Kosterm.) Jain & Gaur
Aglaia cochinchinensis (Pierre) Pellegr.
Aglaia janowskyi Harms
Aglaia polystachya Wall. in Roxb.
Alliaria cuneata (Hiern) Kuntze
Amoora amboinensis Miq.
Amoora aphanamixis Schultes & Schultes
Amoora aphanamixis var. pubescens Miq.
Amoora beddomei Kosterm.
Amoora cumingiana C.DC in DC.
Amoora elmeri Merr.
Amoora grandifolia (Blume) Walp.
Amoora grandifolia var. pubescens (Miq.) C.DC.
Amoora janowskyi (Harms) Kosterm.
Amoora lauterbachii (Harms) C.DC.
Amoora macrocalyx (Harms) C.DC.
Amoora macrophylla Nimmo
Amoora megalophylla C.DC.
Amoora megalophylla var. frutescens C.DC.
Amoora myrmecophila Warb.
Amoora perrotetiana (A.Juss.) Steud.
Amoora polillensis Robins.
Amoora polystachya (Wall.) Wight & Arn. ex Steud.
Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. in Wight
Amoora sogerensis Baker.f.
Amoora timorensis (A.Juss.) Wight & Arn. ex Steud.
Andersonia rohituka Roxb.
Aphanamixis agusanensis Elmer
Aphanamixis amboinensis (Miq.) Harms
Aphanamixis apoensis Elmer
Aphanamixis blumei Span.
Aphanamixis cochinchinensis Pierre
Aphanamixis coriacea Merr.
Aphanamixis cumingiana (C.DC.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl
Aphanamixis davaoensis Elmer
Aphanamixis elmeri (Merr.) Merr.
Aphanamixis grandiflora Blume
Aphanamixis grandifolia Blume
Aphanamixis lauterbachii Harms in K.Schum. & Laut.
Aphanamixis macrocalyx Harms in K.Schum. & Laut.
Aphanamixis myrmecophila (Warb.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl
Aphanamixis obliquifolia Elmer
Aphanamixis perrotetiana A.Juss.
Aphanamixis pinatubensis Elmer
Aphanamixis polillensis (Robins.) Merr.
Aphanamixis rohituka (Roxb.) Pierre
Aphanamixis schlechteri Harms in Engl. & Prantl
Aphanamixis sinensis How & Chen
Aphanamixis timorensis A.Juss.
Aphanamixis tripetala (Blanco) Merr.
Aphanamixis velutina Elmer
Buchanania spicata Roxb. ex Wall.
Cabralea richardiana C.DC. in Mart.
Canarium vrieseo-teysmannii H.J.Lam
Chuniodendron spicatum Hu
Chuniodendron yunnanense Hu
Dysoxylum cauliflorum var. elongatum Ridl.
Dysoxylum cuneatum Hiern in Hook.f.
Dysoxylum spiciflorum Zipp. ex Span.
Epicharis cuneata (Hiern) Harms
Guarea amaris Buch.-Ham.
Lansium montanum Rumph.
Meliacea wightiana Wall.
Piper hyalinum Reinw. ex Miq.
Ricinocarpodendron cumingiana (C.DC.) Mabb.
Ricinocarpodendron polystachyum (Wall.) Mabb.
Sphaerosacme polystachia Wall.
Sphaerosacme spicata Wall.
Trichilia tripetala Blanco

Diagnostics
Mid-canopy tree up to 32 m tall and 70 cm dbh, often with white sap. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, compound, leaflets penni-veined, glabrous. Inflorescences up to 50-110 cm long. Flowers ca. 5 mm diameter, yellow, placed in panicles. Fruits ca. 25 mm diameter, pink-red-purplish, capsules. Seeds with orange-red aril.

Description
Pachycaul treelet or tree to 20(-35) m, often flowering when very small; bole to 70 cm diam., often crooked, sometimes with buttresses to l(-2) m. Bark reddish-brown, flaking; inner bark pinkish, often with white latex; sapwood white; heartwood pink. Leafy shoots 7-22 mm diam., lenticellate, sometimes myrmecophilous, subglabrous to finely fulvous tomentellous. Leaves 45-125 cm, (4-)6-10-jugate, red when young, glabrous or less often petiole, rachis and abaxial surface of leaflets and adaxial surface of veins +/- brown pubescent (in sicco), the hairs simple, basally bifid or stellate or a mixture of these; petiole 5-15 cm, 6-9 mm diam., +/- lenticellate, terete but greatly swollen and flattened or channelled adaxially near base. Leaflets 7.5-25 by 4-9 cm, oblong to elliptic-oblong, subcoriaceous, bases rounded to acute or attenuate, usually markedly asymmetric, apices cuspidate; petiolules 4-10 mm, the apical one to 15 mm, swollen, costae 10-12 on each side, spreading, tertiary venation sometimes prominulous in sicco. Inflorescences to 110 cm in female, 50 cm in male and hermaphrodite, but often very much shorter, +/- supra-axillary; branches to 15 cm, subsquarrose; axes +/- puberulous or pubescent; bracleoles c. 0.5 mm, scale-like; pedicels 0-4(-8) mm. Flowers c. 4-9 mm diam., sweetly scented (foetid, Elmer). Calyx lobes c. 2-3 mm diam., subrotund, +/- pubescent without, reddish margin ciliate. Petals c. 3-5(-7) mm diam., subrotund, +/- pubescent without, glabrous within, cream to yellow or bronze, sometimes tinged red, waxy. Staminal tube cream; anthers (5)6(8), c. 2.5-4 mm long, elliptic, apiculate, glabrous. Infructescence spicate, rarely paniculate. Capsule c. 2-4 cm diam., yellowish at first, pink or red at maturity, glabrous; pericarp sometimes with white latex, white within. Seeds 1-3, c. 17-22 mm long, plano-convex, hanging by strips of endocarp from capsule, +/- covered with brownish red or orange oily aril; testa dark brown or black. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
Lowland and hill rain forest to 1400 m altitude (1800 m in India), including seasonally flooded forest, secondary forest and forest on limestone. In hill forest in New Guinea it may be very common and there and elsewhere is often collected from riverbanks where it is conspicuous. The flowers are visited by sweat bees.

Uses
The timber is used in house construction in New Guinea and Thailand and is suitable for furniture. In India, a commercially valuable oil for soap making is extracted from the seeds (43.5% by weight) and this, like the bark, has some medicinal value, the latter in a liniment used in the treatment of rheumatism. In the Moluccas (Central Halmahera), the mashed leaves in a water solution are sprayed on fruiting heads of rice against disease {De Vogel 4363) and recent research in China and Bangladesh has shown extracts from twigs, bark, fruits and seeds to be efficacious antifeedants, deterring a range of insect pests.

Distribution
Tropical Asia and Pacific. Cultivated in the Neotropics and under glass in Europe.

Local names
Borneo: Lantupak, Segera.
Flores: Patjer pake.
Moluccas: Komalo (Tobaro).
New Britain: La kameso (Nakanai).
New Guinea: Esaro (Samotong), Herrib (Manikiong), Kamun (Mooi), Kunwang (Maprik), Nimigwalap (Kasimin), Peah (Matapaili).