Lithocarpus cantleyanus (King ex Hook.f) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 132 (1929)

Named after Nathaniel Cantley [?-1888], superintendant of Singapore Botanic Garden and collector of many plants on the Malay Peninsula.

Synonyms
Pasania cantleyana (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble
Quercus cantleyana King ex Hook.f.
Synaedrys cantleyana (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz.

Diagnostics
Large trees up to ca. 40 m tall and 70 cm diameter, with greyish crackly bark. Stipules present. Leaves alternate with clearly swollen base of petiole, leaf blade generally quite elongate, mostly hairless, pinnately veined with many secondary veins, no conspicuous colour difference between upper- and lower-leaf surface, or lower surface slightly shiny yellowish. Male inflorescences in spikes of up to 20 cm long, female inflorescences slightly shorter. Fruit a nut with a diameter of ca. 2 cm that is less than half covered by the cupule. Cupule with spiral ridges.

Description
Tree up to 36 m tall, 70 cm diameter. Bark finely fissured or scaly or lenticellate, greyish brown; inner bark granular, yellowish or reddish. Sapwood yellowish. Twigs glabrescent, sparsely lenticellate. Stipules narrowly ovate to linear, 3-5 x 1-2 mm. Leaves thickcoriaceous, glabrous and shining above, sparsely appressed greyish tomentose below; elliptic, (10-)11.5-16(-26.5) x (4-)5-7(-11) cm, base cuneate, margin strongly revolute, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 5-15 mm long; midrib strongly raised on both surfaces; lateral veins thick, (12-)14-16(-18) pairs, dense, strongly impressed or rarely flat above, raised below, faintly or clearly joining near the leaf margin, forming an angle of 30- 60 degrees with the midrib; intercostal venation scalariform, lax, prominent on both surfaces; petiole 10-15 mm long. Inflorescences male, female or androgynous. Male inflorescences 10-20 cm long; bracts and bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, c. 1.2 x 0.5 mm. Male flowers in clusters of 3-4 along the rachis; perianth lobes acute, c. 1.3 x 0.8 mm; stamen filaments c. 3 mm long; pistillode subglobose, c. 1.2 mm diameter. Female or androgynous inflorescences 10-15 cm long; bracts ovate, c. 0.5 x 0.3 mm; bracteoles narrowly ovate, c. 0.3 x 0.2 mm. Female flowers solitary along the rachis; perianth lobes acute, c. 0.6 x 0.4 mm; staminodes 12; styles conical, slightly recurved, c. 1 mm long. Cupules solitary along the rachis, with stalk 5-7 mm long, cup-shaped, 0.5-1 x 1.5-2(-2.5) cm, densely tomentose, lamellate; wall woody, thin, densely hairy, enclosing less than half of the acorn; lamellae slightly distinct, edge entire or denticulate, set in 5-8 regular lines. Acorns ovoid, 1-1.8(-2) x 1.5-2 cm, most part exserted, glabrous, brown; base rounded, apex abruptly acute; scar shallowly concave or flat, 1-1.4 cm diameter; wall thin, most part free from the cupule. [from Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak]

Ecology
In primary hill mixed dipterocarp forests, mainly on clay soils, up to 900 m elevation.

Uses

Distribution
Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.

Local names
Borneo: Keraki (Iban), Tikalot (Dusun, Bundu Tuhan).