Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehd., J. Arn. Arb. 10 (1929)

Synonyms
Lithocarpus rajah (Hance) A.Camus
Lithocarpus scyphigera var. riedelii (King) A.Camus
Pasania bancana (Scheff.) Markgr.
Pasania rajah (Hance) S.Moore
Quercus bancana Scheff.
Quercus rajah Hance
Quercus scyphighera var. riedelii King
Synaedrys bancana (Scheff.) Koidz.
Synaedrys rajah (Hance) Koidz.

Diagnostics
Mid-canopy tree up to 38 m tall and 99 cm dbh. Stipules ca. 1 mm long. Leaves alternate, simple, penni-veined, glabrous, venation inconspicuous. Flowers ca. 3 mm diameter, green-grey, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 14 mm long, green, base of nut enclosed by cupule.

Description
Tree up to 25(-38) m tall, 50(-99) cm diameter. Bark smooth or scaly, yellowish to greyish brown; inner bark fibrous, pinkish. Sapwood yellowish. Twigs sparsely appressed tomentose, late-glabrescent, smooth or sparsely lenticellate. Stipules deltoid, 0.5-1 x 0.5 mm. Leaves thin-coriaceous, rarely coriaceous but not rigid, glabrous above, sparsely yellowish to brownish appressed tomentose with simple hairs and sometimes mixed with a few stellate hairs below; broadly elliptic, (9-)12-14(-17) x (4-)5-6(-7) cm, base cuneate to acute, margin slightly revolute, apex acuminate, acumen 5-15 mm long; midrib thin, raised on both surfaces, stronger and sparsely to densely appressed tomentose below; lateral veins thin, (9-)10-12(-14) pairs, lax, flat on both surfaces or silghtly raised below, faintly joining near the leaf margin, forming an angle of 40-60 degrees with the midrib; intercostal venation subscalariform to subreticulate, dense, obscure on both surfaces; petiole (8-)12-15 mm long. Inflorescences male, androgynous or mixed. Male inflorescences 5-20 cm long; bracts and bracteoles ovate, 0.5-1 x 0.5 mm. Male flowers solitary along the rachis; perianth lobes acute, 4-6 x 2-3 mm; stamen filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long; pistillode globose, c. 1 mm diameter. Androgynous or mixed inflorescences 10- 16 cm long; bracts and bracteoles ovate, 0.5-1 x 0.5 mm. Female flowers solitary along the rachis; perianth lobes acute, 4-5 mm across; staminodes 12; styles conical, recurved, 1-1.5 mm long. Cupules solitary along the rachis, sessile, saucer-shaped, 0.5-0.7 x 1.5- 2 cm, densely appressed tomentose, lamellate; wall woody, thin, enclosing less than half of the acorn; lamellae distinct, edge denticulate, set in 5-6 regular lines. Acorns depressed ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-2 cm across, most part exserted, glabrous, brownish; base rounded, apex rounded and abruptly acute, scar deeply concave, c. 1 cm diameter; wall woody, thin, most part free from the cupule. [from Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak]

Ecology
In undisturbed mixed dipterocarp forests up to 900 m altitude. Mostly on hillsides and ridges with sandy to clay soils, but also found in peat swamp forest.

Distribution
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.

Local names
Borneo: Mempening, Pampaning.