Mallotus leucodermis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887)

Synonyms
Coccoceras muticum var. pedicellatum Hook.f.
Mallotus leucodermis var. leucodermis Airy Shaw

Diagnostics
Mid-canopy tree up to 39(-54) m tall and 93 cm dbh. Stipules ca. 2 mm long, dropped early. Leaves alternate, simple, tripli-veined, glabrous, often with nectary glands near upper leaf base. Flowers ca. 4 mm diameter, yellowish, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 20 mm diameter, green, 3-lobed, dehiscent capsules on very long stalks.

Description
Shrub to tree, up to 35(-54) m high, dioecious, more or less glabrous; branchlets not to finely ribbed, rarely lenticellate, white to grey with conspicuous discoid glands to brown. Stipules triangular, rarely falcate, 1.5-2 by 0.8-2 mm, early caducous, sometimes ridged, glabrous, margin entire or rarely slightly dentate, apex acute. Leaves subopposite to alternate and each pair unequal in size; petiole terete to angular, sometimes adaxially channelled, 10-25 by 0.5-3 mm, glabrous or rarely with stellate hairs basally and distally, base and apex more or less pulvinate; blade elliptic to obovate, 5-22 by 2.3-11.5 cm, index 1.6-2.7, chartaceous to coriaceous; base obtuse to acute and sometimes slightly emarginate; margin entire to slightly irregularly crenate with 0-16 glands per leaf side in sinuses; apex acuminate to obtusely cuspidate, sometimes ending in a marginal-type of gland; upper surface glabrous, grey-green to reddish brown to dark brown, 0-4 basally, impressed glands on each leaf-side, elliptic, 1-5 by 0.5-0.8 mm, brown to black, 1-5 mm from petiole attachment, apically none to numerous circular impressed glands among the margin; lower surface olive green to pale- to red- to dark brown, rarely villose hair tuft domatia, sometimes in excavations; venation basally triplinerved, basal nerves mainly ending in margin above middle of blade, 2-6 nerves per leaf side, mainly eucamptodromous, veins scalariform. Staminate inflorescences axillary and terminal, solitary or often 2-4 together, rachis terete to angular, 4-22 cm by 0.4-1.3 mm, 22-79 nodes per rachis with 3-6 flowers per node; bracts triangular to rhomboid, 0.5-0.8 by 0.5-1.5 mm, margin glabrous to ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; pedicels terete to flattened, 2-4 by 0.2-0.3 mm, stellate hairs or glabrous, abscission zone at very base; flowers 2-5 by 3-5 mm in diam., calyx lobes 2-4, ovate to obovate, 2-3 by 1-2 mm, villose to stellate, white to yellow to pinkish to red-brown, recurved, apex acute, stamens 17-41, filaments 1-4 mm long, anthers reniform to oblong, 0.5-0.8 by 0.2-0.3 mm, dorsifixed to rarely basifixed, glabrous, connective slender, rarely split basally, receptacle c. 0.3 mm high by 0.5 mm diam. Pistillate inflorescences axillary to rarely terminal, solitary or 2-4 together, rachis angular, 3-32.5(-60) cm by 0.8-2.5 mm, 14-53 nodes per rachis, 1 flower per node; bracts triangular to rhomboid, 0.5-1.5 by 0.5-1.6 mm, basal part sometimes thickened, blade glabrous to ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; pedicels terete to angular, sometimes pubescent, 6-55 by 0.3-1.3 mm, abscission zone 0.5-4 mm from apex; flowers 2.5-6 by 2-5 mm in diam., calyx lobes 4-6, up to halfway connate, triangular to narrowly triangular, 2-2.6 by 0.5-1.5 mm, persistent, yellow to reddish brown, basally thickened, apically recurved, some villose hairs inside, ovary globose, 2-4-locular, style 0.5-1.5 by 0.5-0.6 mm, stigmas 2-4 by 0.3-1 mm, basally erect, apically recurving. Fruits woody, dehiscent capsules, 8-15 by 10-25 mm in diam., locules globose to ovoid, without wings, 8-9 mm wide; column bell-shaped in lateral view, 6-8 mm long by 5-7 mm wide basally and 1-3 mm wide apically. Seeds globose to ovoid, 5-8 mm in diam., shiny to dull, surface smooth or sometimes with white protuberances, light to dark brown. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
Primary mixed Dipterocarp forest, secondary forest, forest edges, logged areas, often riparian, in swampy areas. Alt.: sea level to 1440 m.

Distribution
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea.

Local names
Borneo: Galungan, Galunggung, Perupuk, Perupuk batu.
Peninsular Malaysia: Teropok (Temuan).
Sumatra: Toebo-lat-oeding, toebobalie pajo, toebo-lala, suruchon pajo.